U.S. private employers logged only 11,600 recordable hearing loss cases in 2024, a rate of 1.1 per 10,000 full-time equivalent workers (BLS SOII Table SNR07 2024). That small number sits on top of a much larger base: 13.85% of noise-exposed workers with repeat audiograms showed an OSHA standard threshold shift (Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2014), and roughly 27 million U.S. workers reported noise exposure in the past 12 months (Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2025, NHIS 2023). Enforcement is long-running too, with 119,305 OSHA noise-standard violations recorded between 1972 and 2019 (Am J Ind Med 2020, OSHA noise violations 1972-2019). We aggregated data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, OSHA’s regulatory text in 29 CFR 1910.95 and 1904.10, the NIOSH Occupational Hearing Loss Surveillance Project, CDC’s MMWR and National Health Interview Survey analyses, and OSHA enforcement data. For the factory-floor exposure picture that feeds these logs, see our manufacturing noise exposure statistics.
TL;DR
- 11,600 recordable hearing loss cases in U.S. private industry in 2024 (1.1 per 10,000 FTE), 9,000 of them in manufacturing at 7.2 (BLS SOII Table SNR07 2024).
- 19,500 cases at 2.2 per 10,000 full-time workers in 2009, so the count has fallen by about 40% since (BLS TED 2021).
- Beet sugar manufacturing hit 89.6 and softwood veneer and plywood 58.1 cases per 10,000 FTE workers in 2024 (BLS SOII Table SNR08 2024).
- An STS is a 10 dB average shift at 2000, 3000 and 4000 Hz; it is only recordable at 25 dB or more total hearing level (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95 and 1904.10).
- 13.85% of tested workers had an OSHA STS versus 20.26% under the NIOSH criterion (Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2014).
- 5-year incidence of hearing impairment among noise-exposed workers fell from 8.82% to 6.64% (Masterson et al., Am J Ind Med 2015).
- 15.79% of workers, about 27 million, were exposed to occupational noise in the past 12 months (Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2025).
- 24,827 workers’ compensation hearing loss claims cost $299,196,866 in 2009-2013 (Masterson et al., Seminars in Hearing 2023).
- 1910.95 ranked 17th among general industry standards cited in preliminary FY2026 data (OSHA Frequently Cited Standards FY2026, via J. J. Keller).
1. The Thresholds: How OSHA Defines an STS and a Recordable Case
Every federal hearing loss count starts with two numbers in the regulations. The standard threshold shift is a change of an average of 10 dB or more at 2000, 3000 and 4000 Hz in either ear compared with the baseline audiogram (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95). A shift alone does not reach the OSHA 300 Log: the second gate, in 29 CFR 1904.10, requires the same ear’s average hearing level to be 25 dB or more above audiometric zero.
The design matters more than it looks. Age correction is allowed when deciding whether an STS happened but not when testing the 25 dB floor, and a retest inside 30 days can erase the case entirely. That makes the recordable figure a deliberately conservative count, closer to “confirmed, already measurable loss” than to “early warning”. Section 4 shows how much of the early-warning signal the OSHA definitions filter out. The 85 dBA trigger is a measured exposure, so the quality of the dosimetry behind it also counts; our sound level meter and noise monitoring statistics cover that side.
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| STS definition | Average shift of 10 dB or more at 2000, 3000 and 4000 Hz in either ear vs. baseline | OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95(g)(10)(i) |
| Recordability floor | 25 dB or more above audiometric zero, averaged at 2000, 3000 and 4000 Hz, same ear(s) as the STS | OSHA 29 CFR 1904.10 |
| Age adjustment | Allowed (Appendix F tables) when checking for an STS; not allowed for the 25 dB check | OSHA 29 CFR 1904.10 |
| Retest window and recording deadline | Retest within 30 days may rule out the STS; a confirmed case is recorded within 7 calendar days of the retest | OSHA 29 CFR 1904.10 |
| Hearing loss column on the OSHA 300 Log | Applies to recordable cases from January 1, 2004 | OSHA 29 CFR 1904.10 |
| Hearing conservation trigger and baseline | 85 dBA 8-hour TWA action level; baseline audiogram within 6 months of first exposure (1 year with mobile test vans) | OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95 |
| Employee notification of an STS | Written notice within 21 days of the determination | OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95 |
| Protection for workers with an STS | Hearing protectors must cut exposure to 85 dBA TWA or below, vs. 90 dBA for other workers | OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95 |
Context: audiometric test records must be kept for the duration of the affected employee’s employment, while noise exposure measurement records only need to be kept for two years (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95).
2. Recordable Hearing Loss Counts, 2009 to 2024
The national count has drifted down for 15 years. From 19,500 cases in 2009 to 11,600 in 2024, recordable hearing loss fell by 7,900 cases, or about 40.5% (7,900 / 19,500), and the rate halved from 2.2 to 1.1 per 10,000 workers (BLS TED 2021; BLS SOII Table SNR07 2024). The Healthy People 2030 objective OSH-06 set a target of 1.4 new cases per 10,000 full-time workers from a 2016 baseline of 1.7 (ODPHP Healthy People 2030), and the private-industry rate has met that mark in every year shown below from 2019 on.
Hearing loss is also a shrinking slice of all recorded illness. It was 11.4% of private industry illness cases in 2019 (BLS TED 2021); in 2024 it was about 7.8% (11,600 of 148,000 illness cases, using the total from the BLS SOII news release, January 2026). The question for safety managers is whether the decline reflects quieter workplaces or thinner audiometric follow-up; sections 4 and 5 suggest the answer is partly both.
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Private industry, 2009 | 19,500 cases; 2.2 per 10,000 full-time workers | BLS TED 2021 |
| Private industry, 2016 | 16,500 cases; 1.7 per 10,000 full-time workers | BLS TED 2021 |
| Private industry, 2019 | 14,500 cases; 1.4 per 10,000 full-time workers | BLS TED 2021 |
| Private industry, 2021 | 12,000 cases; 1.2 per 10,000 FTE (manufacturing 9,700 at 8.2) | BLS SOII Table SNR07 2021 |
| Private industry, 2022 | 13,000 cases; 1.3 per 10,000 FTE (manufacturing 10,500 at 8.5) | BLS SOII Table SNR07 2022 |
| Private industry, 2023 | 12,200 cases; 1.2 per 10,000 FTE (manufacturing 9,800 at 7.8) | BLS SOII Table SNR07 2023 |
| Private industry, 2024 | 11,600 cases; 1.1 per 10,000 FTE (all ownerships 14,000 at 1.2) | BLS SOII Table SNR07 2024 |
| Healthy People 2030 target (OSH-06) | 1.4 per 10,000 full-time workers, from a 1.7 baseline in 2016 | ODPHP Healthy People 2030 |
Context: SOII excludes the self-employed, farms with fewer than 11 employees, private household workers and federal employees (ODPHP Healthy People 2030 methodology), so these counts undercount the exposed workforce by design.
3. Where Recordable Cases Land: Industry Rates
Recordable hearing loss is overwhelmingly a factory statistic. Manufacturing produced 9,000 of the 11,600 private-industry cases in 2024, or 77.6% (9.0 / 11.6), at a rate of 7.2 per 10,000 FTE workers, more than six times the private-industry average (BLS SOII Table SNR07 2024). The concentration is stable, as the 2019 row in the table below shows.
Inside manufacturing the spread is extreme. The detailed-industry table puts beet sugar processing, plywood mills, glass container plants, foundries, sawmills and poultry plants at rates roughly 27 to 81 times the private-industry rate of 1.1 (for example 30.3 / 1.1 for poultry and 89.6 / 1.1 for beet sugar) (BLS SOII Table SNR08 2024). The outlier runs the other way in construction: just 0.1 recordable cases per 10,000 FTE workers in 2024, even though NIOSH audiogram data put hearing impairment prevalence among noise-exposed construction workers at 24.67% in 2006-2010 (Masterson et al., Am J Ind Med 2015). OSHA’s own summary notes that construction controls and hearing conservation apply only above 90 dBA, not at the 85 dBA general-industry trigger (OSHA Occupational Noise Exposure). Fewer baseline audiograms plausibly means fewer measurable shifts, and therefore fewer log entries. The sector picture is covered in depth in our construction worker hearing loss statistics.
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Manufacturing, 2024 | 9,000 cases; 7.2 per 10,000 FTE; 77.6% of private-industry cases (9.0 / 11.6) | BLS SOII Table SNR07 2024 |
| Manufacturing share of cases, 2019 | 75.9% (11,000 of 14,500); transportation equipment 2,000, food 1,800, fabricated metal 1,400 | BLS TED 2021 |
| Beet sugar manufacturing (NAICS 311313) | 89.6 per 10,000 FTE | BLS SOII Table SNR08 2024 |
| Softwood veneer and plywood manufacturing (321212) | 58.1 per 10,000 FTE | BLS SOII Table SNR08 2024 |
| Tobacco manufacturing / glass container manufacturing | 42.8 / 39.1 per 10,000 FTE | BLS SOII Table SNR08 2024 |
| Sawmills / poultry processing / food manufacturing overall | 31.2 / 30.3 / 13.9 per 10,000 FTE | BLS SOII Table SNR08 2024 |
| Local government vs. construction, 2024 | 2,100 cases at 1.9 vs. 100 cases at 0.1 per 10,000 FTE | BLS SOII Table SNR07 2024 |
Outlier note: detailed industries with small employment, such as beet sugar, can swing sharply from year to year because a few dozen cases move the rate. Treat the top of the SNR08 ranking as a signal of risk, not a fixed league table.
4. How Often Tested Workers Show a Shift
The best direct measure of STS frequency comes from NIOSH’s audiogram database. Among 539,908 noise-exposed workers with at least three audiograms at 17,348 companies in 2001-2010, utilities had the highest OSHA STS prevalence at 18.70% and arts, entertainment and recreation the lowest at 10.00% (Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2014). The same study defines the NIOSH alternative: a 15 dB or greater shift at any of 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 or 6000 Hz in either ear, confirmed on a later audiogram.
One worker in five (20.26%) met the NIOSH shift criterion, against 13.85% under OSHA’s STS and 6.41% after OSHA age correction. In other words, the regulatory definitions that drive recordkeeping miss roughly a third of the shifts NIOSH would flag, and age correction removes about two-thirds. Hearing protectors help, but less than the label implies: in a separate NIOSH cohort, OSTS prevalence differed only modestly between workers who never and always wore protection, and the adjusted difference was not statistically significant (Groenewold et al., Am J Ind Med 2014).
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Workers with a NIOSH significant threshold shift (NSTS) | 20.26% | Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2014 |
| Workers with an OSHA STS | 13.85% | Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2014 |
| Workers with an OSHA STS after age correction | 6.41% | Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2014 |
| Workers with an OSHA STS whose 2000-4000 Hz average was 25 dB or more | 67% | Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2014 |
| OSHA STS prevalence in a 19,911-worker cohort | 8.0% (95% CI 7.7-8.4) | Groenewold et al., Am J Ind Med 2014 |
| OSHA STS by self-reported hearing protector use | Never 10.7%; sometimes 8.8%; always 7.7% | Groenewold et al., Am J Ind Med 2014 |
| Adjusted odds of OSHA STS, never vs. always wearers | 1.23 (0.92-1.64), not significant | Groenewold et al., Am J Ind Med 2014 |
Most recent available data: NIOSH audiograms from 2001-2010 (published 2014). Context: the shift percentages count workers, not audiograms; a worker is counted once if a shift appeared at any point in the study window.
5. Prevalence and Incidence in the NIOSH Audiogram Database
The surveillance data separate two trends that the BLS count blends together. New cases are falling: the 5-year incidence of material hearing impairment among noise-exposed workers dropped from 8.82% in 1986-1990 to 6.64% in 2006-2010, an adjusted probability ratio of 0.54 (Masterson et al., Am J Ind Med 2015). Prevalence, in contrast, barely moved, because workers carry earlier damage for the rest of their careers.
Sector gaps remain wide. Mining had the highest prevalence of any hearing impairment, at 16.72%, in a CDC analysis of 1,413,789 audiograms from 2003-2012 (CDC MMWR 2016), and utilities stood at 24.86% versus 19.84% for all industries in 2010-2019 (Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2024). Definitions differ between these studies (any impairment versus material impairment at 25 dB), so compare sectors within a study, not across them.
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of material hearing impairment, all industries | 19.80% (1981-1985) vs. 19.37% (2006-2010) | Masterson et al., Am J Ind Med 2015 |
| 5-year incidence, all industries | 8.82% (1986-1990) vs. 6.64% (2006-2010) | Masterson et al., Am J Ind Med 2015 |
| Adjusted probability ratio of incident loss, 2006-2010 | All industries 0.54 (0.52-0.55); healthcare and social assistance 0.91 (0.59-1.39), not significant | Masterson et al., Am J Ind Med 2015 |
| Construction, 2006-2010 | 9.17% 5-year incidence; 24.67% prevalence | Masterson et al., Am J Ind Med 2015 |
| Any hearing impairment among noise-exposed workers, 2003-2012 | 12.94% overall; mining 16.72%; construction 16.29% | CDC MMWR 2016 |
| Healthy years lost to hearing impairment | 2.53 DALYs per 1,000 noise-exposed workers per year; manufacturing about 70% of all healthy years lost | CDC MMWR 2016 |
| Utilities vs. all industries, 2010-2019 | 24.86% vs. 19.84% hearing loss prevalence | Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2024 |
| Hydroelectric power generation, 2010-2019 | 36.90% prevalence; adjusted PR 2.18 (1.90-2.49) | Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2024 |
Most recent available data: NIOSH sector studies use audiograms through 2019. The program itself describes its holdings as millions of audiograms from thousands of U.S. workplaces (NIOSH Occupational Hearing Loss Surveillance).
6. The Exposed Workforce Behind the Logs
Survey data size the population an STS program is supposed to watch. In 2023, 15.79% of U.S. workers, about 26.9 million people, reported occupational noise exposure in the past 12 months, and 28.01%, nearly 48 million, had a history of it (Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2025). Set against roughly 11,600 private-industry log entries a year, the scale of under-capture is obvious, even though the two numbers measure different things and should not be divided into a “rate”.
Exposure is also not falling fast. The 2014 NHIS put noise exposure in the past year at 14% of current workers (Kerns et al., Am J Ind Med 2018), and more than half of noise-exposed workers reported not using hearing protection in 2014 (Am J Ind Med 2021, HPD non-use 2007 and 2014). For non-audible hazards that standard dosimetry can miss, see our industrial ultrasonic noise exposure statistics.
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Workers exposed to noise in the past 12 months, 2023 | 15.79% (weighted 26,929,990) | Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2025 |
| Workers with any history of occupational noise exposure, 2023 | 28.01% (weighted 47,828,049) | Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2025 |
| Hearing difficulty among workers, and adjusted PR for noise exposure | 11.28%; aPR 1.76 (1.58-1.96) | Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2025 |
| Hearing difficulty attributable to noise among exposed workers | 43.18%; 2,122,267 excess cases | Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2025 |
| Highest noise exposure, industry and occupation | Mining 55.84%; production occupations 48.29% | Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2025 |
| 2014 comparison: history of exposure / past year / hearing difficulty attributable to noise | 25% / 14% / 58% | Kerns et al., Am J Ind Med 2018 |
| Noise-exposed workers not using hearing protection, 2014 | 52.65% overall; 73.39% of women | Am J Ind Med 2021 |
| Workers exposed to hazardous occupational noise (earlier NHANES estimate) | About 22 million | CDC MMWR 2016 |
Cross-check: the 22 million figure that OSHA and CDC still quote comes from older NHANES data, while the 2023 NHIS estimate is about 27 million for past-year exposure. The surveys use different questions, so the gap is not a measured increase.
7. Enforcement and Cost: Citations, Penalties and Claims
OSHA’s noise standard has been enforced for five decades, but the dollar stakes per violation stay small. An analysis of 119,305 OSHA noise-standard violations from 1972 to 2019 found the most-cited subparagraphs (missing engineering or administrative controls, and inadequate hearing conservation programs) averaged $1,036.50 in penalties (Am J Ind Med 2020, via NIOSH CDC Stacks). In OSHA’s preliminary FY2026 data, 1910.95 sat 17th among general industry standards by number of citations, with an average penalty of $2,974 per citation (OSHA Frequently Cited Standards FY2026, via J. J. Keller).
The compensation system tells a similar story of many small claims. NIOSH counted 24,827 hearing loss claims in 2009-2013 across 37 states and DC (Masterson et al., Seminars in Hearing 2023). Most are modest, but the tail is costly: claims of $5,000 or less were 63% of the count and only 5% of total cost.
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| OSHA noise-standard violations, 1972-2019 | 119,305 across four noise standards; violations rose to 1985, then declined | Am J Ind Med 2020 |
| Average penalty, most-cited vs. other subparagraphs | $1,036.50 vs. $915.80 | Am J Ind Med 2020 |
| 1910.95 rank among most-cited Part 1910 standards, FY2026 (preliminary) | 17th | OSHA Frequently Cited Standards FY2026, via J. J. Keller |
| Average penalty per 1910.95 citation, FY2026 (preliminary) | $2,974 | OSHA Frequently Cited Standards FY2026, via J. J. Keller |
| Workers’ compensation hearing loss claims, 2009-2013 | 24,827 total; 4,965 per year on average | Masterson et al., Seminars in Hearing 2023 |
| Total claim cost, 2009-2013 | $299,196,866 (2013 dollars); about $60 million per year | Masterson et al., Seminars in Hearing 2023 |
| Mean cost per claim | $12,051 | Masterson et al., Seminars in Hearing 2023 |
| Claim rate and size distribution | 0.40 per 10,000 covered jobs; 63% of claims cost $5,000 or less | Masterson et al., Seminars in Hearing 2023 |
Most recent available data: workers’ compensation claims for 2009-2013 (published 2023). The FY2026 OSHA ranking is preliminary and can change as cases close.
Summary: OSHA Standard Threshold Shift (STS) Hearing Loss by the Numbers
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Recordable hearing loss cases, private industry, 2024 | 11,600 (1.1 per 10,000 FTE); manufacturing rate 7.2 | BLS SOII Table SNR07 2024 |
| Recordable cases, 2009 | 19,500 (2.2 per 10,000 full-time workers) | BLS TED 2021 |
| Healthy People 2030 target | 1.4 per 10,000 full-time workers | ODPHP Healthy People 2030 |
| Highest detailed-industry rate, 2024 | Beet sugar manufacturing, 89.6 per 10,000 FTE | BLS SOII Table SNR08 2024 |
| STS definition | 10 dB average shift at 2000, 3000 and 4000 Hz | OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95 |
| Recordability floor | 25 dB average hearing level at 2000, 3000 and 4000 Hz | OSHA 29 CFR 1904.10 |
| OSHA STS vs. NIOSH shift prevalence | 13.85% vs. 20.26% (6.41% after age correction) | Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2014 |
| OSHA STS, never vs. always hearing protector users | 10.7% vs. 7.7% | Groenewold et al., Am J Ind Med 2014 |
| 5-year incidence of hearing impairment | 8.82% (1986-1990) to 6.64% (2006-2010) | Masterson et al., Am J Ind Med 2015 |
| Any hearing impairment, noise-exposed workers | 12.94% | CDC MMWR 2016 |
| Utilities hearing loss prevalence, 2010-2019 | 24.86% | Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2024 |
| Workers exposed to noise in past 12 months, 2023 | About 27 million (15.79%) | Masterson et al., J Occup Environ Med 2025 |
| Hearing difficulty attributable to noise, 2014 | 58% | Kerns et al., Am J Ind Med 2018 |
| Noise-exposed workers not using protection, 2014 | 52.65% | Am J Ind Med 2021 |
| OSHA noise violations, 1972-2019 | 119,305 | Am J Ind Med 2020 |
| 1910.95 rank, FY2026 preliminary | 17th among Part 1910 standards | OSHA Frequently Cited Standards FY2026, via J. J. Keller |
| Workers’ compensation hearing loss costs, 2009-2013 | $299,196,866 | Masterson et al., Seminars in Hearing 2023 |
Methodology and Sources
- OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95, Occupational Noise Exposure: STS definition, 85 dBA action level, audiometric testing and hearing protector rules.
- OSHA 29 CFR 1904.10, Recording criteria for occupational hearing loss: 25 dB recordability floor, age adjustment, retest and 300 Log column.
- OSHA Occupational Noise Exposure topic page: construction thresholds and exposure context.
- BLS SOII nonfatal injury and illness tables: Table SNR07 (2021, 2022, 2023, 2024) and Table SNR08 (2024), illness cases and rates by category of illness and industry.
- BLS The Economics Daily, hearing loss cases 2009-2019 (2021): annual counts and rates, manufacturing breakdown.
- BLS Employer-Reported Workplace Injuries and Illnesses news release (January 2026): total private-industry illness cases in 2024.
- ODPHP Healthy People 2030, OSH-06 data methodology: baseline, target and SOII scope.
- Masterson et al., Prevalence of workers with shifts in hearing by industry, J Occup Environ Med 2014: OSHA STS, age-corrected STS and NIOSH shift prevalence.
- Groenewold et al., Do hearing protectors protect hearing?, Am J Ind Med 2014: STS by hearing protector use.
- Masterson et al., Trends in worker hearing loss by industry sector 1981-2010, Am J Ind Med 2015: incidence, prevalence and adjusted probability ratios.
- CDC MMWR, Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers, United States 2003-2012 (2016): sector prevalence and DALYs.
- Masterson et al., Hearing loss among noise-exposed workers in the Utilities sector 2010-2019, J Occup Environ Med 2024.
- Masterson et al., Ototoxic chemical exposure, noise exposure and hearing difficulty among U.S. workers 2023, J Occup Environ Med 2025: NHIS 2023 exposure estimates.
- Kerns et al., Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty and occupational noise exposure, Am J Ind Med 2018: NHIS 2014 estimates.
- Prevalence of hearing protection device non-use among noise-exposed U.S. workers in 2007 and 2014, Am J Ind Med 2021.
- Analysis of OSHA Noise Standard Violations over 50 Years, 1972 to 2019, Am J Ind Med 2020 (NIOSH CDC Stacks).
- OSHA Frequently Cited Standards FY2026 preliminary data, as reported by J. J. Keller (October 2026): the OSHA source page could not be loaded directly during research.
- Masterson et al., Workers’ compensation costs for occupational hearing loss claims 2009-2013, Seminars in Hearing 2023.
- NIOSH Occupational Hearing Loss Surveillance Project: program scope and data partners.
- Data watch: BLS rates before 2021 are taken from the 2021 TED article, which labels them per 10,000 full-time workers; the SNR07 tables use the same 20,000,000-hour base and label it full-time equivalent. SNR07 mining figures come from MSHA and are not directly comparable with other industries. Detailed-industry rates in SNR08 for small industries (beet sugar, tobacco) are volatile. The 2014 NIOSH shift study reports age-corrected STS as 6.41% in its table and 7% in its discussion; we use the table value. NIOSH audiogram data run only through 2019 and the workers’ compensation data through 2013, so newer sector studies would change several rows. The 22 million versus 27 million exposed-worker figures come from different surveys and questions. The FY2026 OSHA citation ranking is preliminary. The 77.6% manufacturing share, the 40.5% decline and the 7.8% illness share are our own arithmetic from the BLS figures shown.
Last updated: October 18, 2026. We update this roundup quarterly, and the next refresh is expected when BLS publishes the 2025 SOII illness tables (SNR07 and SNR08).