Huong Dan Lan Giong Noi Patrick Star
Lan giong noi patrick star La Mot Trong Nhung Giong Noi Hoat Hinh De Nhan Nhat Tren Toan Cau — Va, Dung Ngo Ngan Nhat La Mot Trong Nhung Giong Noi Hang Tuoi Kho Sao Chep. Patrick Khong Phai Mot Squeaker Cao Ton Hoac Quai Vat Bo Lo. Anh Ay Chi La Mot Con Sao Bien Cham, Ngu Ngu Va Tan Thanh Nghe Giong Nhu Anh Ay Lien Tuc Nua Ngu. Drawl An Ngu Do, “Khong, Day La Patrick” Deadpan Khong Quen, Va Su Chay Chat, Trang Trong Ngu Ngu Tat Ca Deu Xuat Phat Tu Mot Tap Hop Cac Lua Chon Giong Noi Co Dac Biet Boi Dien Vien Bill Fagerbakke.
Huong Dan Nay Bao Toan Cau Truc Thom Anh Cua Giong Noi Patrick, Cach Lam No Chinh Ban Co Hoac Khong Co Phan Mem, Va Cach Thiet Lap Mod Giong Noi Patrick Cho Discord, OBS Va Tro Choi Tren Windows.
TL;DR
- Giong Noi Patrick La Mot Drawl Cham Tu Thap Den Trung Pitch Voi Nguyen Am Dai, Toi Thieu Do Gay Go Phu Am Va Cung Co Chut Resonanc Mui.
- Cac Ky Thuat Giong Noi Tieu Chot: Giam Pitch Cua Ban Chut, Cham Delivery Den Khoang 70% Toc Do Binh Thuong, Them Chut Giong Noi Khon Tai Ket Thuc Va Giu Chat Hoat Toan Hoa.
- Preset DSP (Pitch Shift −2 Toi −4 st, Formant Giam Chut, Modulation Rate Thap) Day Ban 80% Cua Duong Di Trong Giay Chot.
- AI Voice Cloning Day Ban Nhieu Gan Hon Voi Timbre Thuc Cua Bill Fagerbakke Cho Su Dung Lien Tuc.
- VoxBooster Duong Tat Giong Noi Da Xu Ly Toi Discord, OBS Hoac Bat Ky Tro Choi Nao Thong Qua Microphone Ao Voi Do Tre Duoi 300 ms.
- Khong Can Driver Nhan; Chay Tren Windows 10 Va 11.
Patrick Star La Ai Va Tai Sao Giong Noi Quay Nhuong?
SpongeBob SquarePants Duoc Phat Truong Dau Tien Tren Nickelodeon Vao Nam 1999 Va Tro Thanh Mot Trong Nhung Bo Phim Hoat Hinh Tieu Bieu Nhat Tung Duoc Tao Ra. Patrick Star, Ban Be Va Hang Xom Cua SpongeBob Nhat, Da Duoc Phat Thanh Tu Dau Tien Boi Bill Fagerbakke, Mot Dien Vien Noi Tieng Nhat Truoc SpongeBob Vi Da Choi Vai Dauber Tren Sitcom Coach.
Patrick Cua Fagerbakke La Mot Lop Hoc Ve Phat Hanh Hoai Hai Thong Qua Cam Nhan. Neu Hau Het Cac Nhan Vat Hoat Hinh La Dong Nang, Cao Va Nhanh, Patrick La Cham, Thap Va Hoan Toan Khong Nhat Thuc Rang Anh Ta Nen Lo Lang Ve Bat Ky Dieu Gi. Dong Noi Nhat Bieu Tuong — “Khong, Day La Patrick!” Phat Hanh Toi Mot Dien Thoai Thoi Da Biet — Tro Thanh Mot Meme Chinh Xac Vi Giong Noi Mang Theo Toan Doan Deadpan Hoan Hao. Khong Co Dau Hieu Tu Nhim Loi. Patrick Thuc Su Khong Hieu Tai Sao No Lai Hai.
Su Ket Hop Cua Cac Chat Luong Giong Noi La Dieu Tao Ra Mot Kesan Tot: Ban Khong Sao Chep Mot Hieu Ung Giong Noi, Ban Sao Chep Mot Thai Do Duoc Bieu Lo Thong Qua Mot Loat Cac Lua Chon Thom Anh Kho.
Thom Anh Thom Anh Cua Giong Noi Patrick
Truoc Khi Dat Tay Len Mot Thay Doi Giong Noi, Dieu Gi Ho Tro Hieu Dieu Gi Xay Ra Tran Trong Hieu Nang Cua Fagerbakke.
Tan So Phuc Ap. Patrick Noi Trong Pham Vi Nam Thap Den Trung, Khoang 90–130 Hz Tren Giong Noi Binh Thuong. Day Khong Co Do Sau Dram — Gan Mot Baritone Coi La Hon La Bass — Nhung Co Y Dinh Khong Voi Va Tam Thoi. Pitch Khong Dart Xung Quanh. No Giu Nguyen.
Hinh Dang Formant. Cac Nguyen Am Patrick La Dai Va Mo. Formant Thu Nhat (F1) Doi Cao Tuong Doi, Chi Diem Vi Tri Tham Mo. Formant Thu Hai (F2) Duoc Giu O Muc Trung Binh, Dieu Nay Tao Ra Ky Thuat Giong Noi Trung Tinh, Hoi Mui Cua No Thay Vao Am Thanh “Phia Sau Cho” Ma Ban Se Lien Ket Voi Giong Noi Hang Xa.
Thoi Gian Va Nhip Diem. Cach Phat Hanh Cua Patrick La Chiem Cham Hon Tro Chuyen Binh Thuong Nhieu. Thoi Gian Tam Dung Giua Cac Tu Dai Hon Ban Mong Doi. Anh Ta Khong Voi Vao Tuy Nhat Tiep Theo Vi Anh Ta Van Xu Ly Tuy Cuoi Cung.
Giong Noi Khon Tai Ket Thuc. Nhieu Cum Tu Cua Patrick Ket Thuc Voi Giong Noi Register Thap Lan Creaky Nho — Ket Qua Cua Viec Thon Giong Cua Ban Larynx Tai Ket Thuc Cum Tu. No Them Vao Hoan Canh Ra Rang Anh Ta Lien Tuc O Mep Roi Xuong Ngu Lai.
Resonanc Mui. Co Mot Tinh Chat Mui Nhe Tren Giong Noi Patrick, Khong Phat Am Nhu Mot Nhan Vat Co Mui Nhu Elmo, Nhung Du De Dua Resonanc Huong Len Toi Roi Cung. Day La Mot Phan Biet Tieu Chot Tir Giong Noi Thap Binh Than.
Cach Lam Giong Noi Patrick Star Ma Khong Co Phan Mem
Doi Voi Cosplay, Hoi Nghi, Demo Tap Dien Giong Noi, Hoac Chi La Lam Cho Ban Be Cuoi, Ban Co The Lam Mot Kesan Patrick Dang Toi Thieu Ma Khong Co Cong Cu Nao.
Buoc 1: That Long Larynx Cua Ban. Giam Tham Cua Ban Chut. Cam Thay Khong Gian Phia Sau Cho Cua Ban Mo. Dieu Nay Tu Nhien Giam Resonanc Cua Ban Ma Khong Cang.
Buoc 2: Giam Toc Do 30%. Lay Toc Do Noi Chuyen Binh Thuong Cua Ban Va Nhan Thuc Giam No. Moi Tu Nhan Duoc Chut Khong Gian Hon. Dung Voi Vao Suk Tiep Theo.
Buoc 3: Giam Do Gay Go Phu Am. Patrick Khong Cam Nhap Cac T Va P Cung. Mem Chung. De Cho Cac Nguyen Am Chiem Linh.
Buoc 4: Them Resonanc Mui. Huong Mat Giong Noi Cua Ban Len Tren Moi Nhu Nhu Ban Sap Hat That. Dung Hoat Dong Toan Bo Mui, Chi Them Mot Chut.
Buoc 5: Su Dung Bien Thiên Ton Toi Thieu. Giong Noi Binh Thuong Co Mot Pham Vi Ghi Am Rong. Duong Contour Ton Patrick La Doi Tuong Doi Bang. Giu Intonation Nen Chon — Gan Nhu Mot Dieu Hoa, Nhung Co Cac Tiem Tang Nho Sao Cho Anh Ay Nghe Giong Nhu Co Hoi Hoang Thay Vao Buon Chon.
Buoc 6: Thuc Hanh Cac Dong Tieu Chot. “Toi La Patrick.” “Co Phai Mayonnaise La Mot Cay Dan Nhac Khong?” “Khong, Day La Patrick!” “Co Chi Khoa Can Trong Tam Tri Cua Toi La Mot An Trom.” Nhung Cum Tu Nay Tach Biet Cac Khia Canh Khac Nhau Cua Viec Phat Hanh. Dung Nhung Cai Nay Truoc Khi Tuy Cuoc Tro Chuyen Toan Bo.
Buoc 7: Giu Character Theo Cam Xuc. Giong Noi Chi Hoat Dong Neu Thai Do Xuat Hien. Patrick Khong Bao Gio Moi Mim Cuoi, Khong Bao Gio Nhan Mat Voi Khah Xem. Anh Ta Co Tuc Noi Tung Tung Tu Voi Hung Kien Hoat Toan. Tro Khon Tao Thanh Tir Su Ket Hop Giua Tin Tuong Va Thuc Te.
Preset Thay Doi Giong Noi Cho Mod Giong Noi Patrick
Neu Ban Muon Mot Mod Giong Noi Patrick Theo Thoi Gian That Cho Choi Game, Discord, Hoac Phat Truong, Mot Thay Doi Giong Noi La Tien Hanh Thuc Te Nhat. Day La Cach Xay Dung Mot Preset Vung Chac Tir Con So.
Huong Dan Tham So DSP
| Tham So | Gia Tri Bat Dau | Ghi Chu |
|---|---|---|
| Pitch shift | −2 Toi −4 Semitone | Dieu Chinh Bang Tai; Qua Thap Nghe Nhu Chung Chung |
| Formant shift | −1 Toi −2 Semitone | Day Timbre Ma Khong The Hoat Cartoon Trong |
| Pitch modulation rate | 0.3–0.5 Hz | Mo Phong Wobble Hoi Giong Lon |
| Pitch modulation depth | 2–4 Cents | Thu Nho — Khong Vibrato, Chi Ong Am |
| Low-shelf boost | +2 dB O 150 Hz | Them Cau Tao Va Ong Am |
| High-shelf cut | −2 Toi −3 dB Tren 8 kHz | Giam Do Gay Go, Them Hiu Doc |
| Nasal resonance filter | Slight Band Boost 700–900 Hz | Day Am Thanh Huong Toi Hang Mui |
| Noise gate threshold | −40 dBFS | Lau Sach Im Lang Giua Cac Dong |
Duong Tat Tren Windows
- Cai Dat VoxBooster Va Mo No.
- Tai Hoac Xay Dung Preset Patrick Cua Ban Su Dung Cac Tham So O Tren.
- VoxBooster Tu Dong Tao Thiet Bi Microphone Ao.
- Tren Discord: Settings → Voice & Video → Input Device → VoxBooster Virtual Mic.
- Trong OBS: Audio Input Capture → VoxBooster Virtual Mic.
- Trong Tro Choi: Windows Sound Settings → Recording → Dat VoxBooster Virtual Mic Lam Mac Dinh.
VoxBooster Su Dung low-latency audio capture De Duong Tat Am Thanh Do Tre Thap, Giu Tong So Khuat Pha Xa Huong Xuong O Duoi 20 ms Cho Xu Ly Chi DSP. Khong Can Driver Nhan, Danh Co La Khong Co Xung Dot Voi Phan Mem Chong Gian Lan Tro Choi.
AI Voice Cloning Cho Patrick Trang Tin Tuc Hon
Preset DSP Nhanh De Thiet Lap Nhung Khong The Day Du Bat Giu Mau Resonanc Doc Lap Cua Giong Noi Fagerbakke. AI voice cloning Phan Tich Dac Tinh Giong Noi O Mot Cap Do San Sau — Cau Truc Overtone, Micro-Timing, Mau Thoi Gian — Va Ap Dung Chung Nhu Mot Lop Chuyen Doi Thoi Gian That Tren Tren Giong Noi Cua Ban.
Duong Ong Cloning AI Tuy Chinh Cua VoxBooster Hoat Dong Voi Do Tre Suy Luan Duoi 300 ms, Du Nhanh Cho Cuoc Tro Chuyen Truc Tiep Ma Khong Co Do Tre Nhan Thay. Quy Trinh Su Dung Trong Su Phan Doan Am Thanh Dua Tren Whisper De Thong Hang Phoneme Input Voi Mu Hinh Giong Noi Tieu Chuan, Tao Ra Dau Ra Tu Nhien Hon So Voi Thao Tac Pitch-Va-Formant Don Gian.
Doi Voi Patrick Dac Biet, Cloning La Co Ich Nhat Cho:
- Phien Tap Vai Keo Dai O Noi Phien Ban DSP Bat Dau Nghe Nhu Co Chi Thoi Gian
- Ghi Am Video YouTube Hoac Doan Podcast O Noi Chat Luong Am Thanh Dang Duoc Tiem Kiem
- Khop Mau Vokal Dac Biet Va Resonanc Hang Mui Lam Cho Patrick Khac Biet Tir Drawl Thap Chung Chung
Doi Voi Tro Khon Va Meme Discord Nhanh, Preset DSP La Du.
Hieu Ung “Khong, Day La Patrick”: Nhan Duoc Cadence Dung
Dong Noi Dac Biet Nay Xung Dang Co Mot Phan Rieng Vi No Da Tro Thanh Diem So Chu Xac Dinh Cua Kesan Patrick.
Cau Nay Co Nam Am Tiet: “Khong, Day La Pat-Rick.” Fagerbakke Phat Hanh No O Ton Thap Hau Het Bi Trung Binh, Khong Co Thao Dung, Nhu Nhu Tra Loi Cuoc Goi Dien Nay Va Khai Bao Danh Tinh Cua Anh Ta La Dieu Tu Nhien Nhat Tren The Gioi. Tro Khon Xuat Phat Hoan Toan Tu Tin Thuc Su Bang Phang — Anh Ta Thuc Su Hoi Hoang Tai Sao Dien Thoai Lai Hoi Hoang.
De Dung No:
- Khong Inflection Len Tai Ket Thuc. Day La Mot Tuan Bo, Khong Phai Mot Cau Hoi.
- Nhan Man Nho Tren “Patrick” — Danh Tinh Cua Anh Ta Quan Trong Voi Anh Ta.
- Khong The Toc. Nhip Do Giong Nhu Neu Anh Ta Tra Loi “Hai Cong Hai La Bao Nhieu?”
- Tam Dung Nho Truoc “Patrick” — Khong Phai Tir Hoi Hoang Ma Tu Khoi Luong Tri Tuc Hoa Tung Tu.
Thuc Hanh Dong Nay Muoi Lan Lien Tiep Trong Khi Giu Duoc Dia Chi Cam Xuc: Ban Rat Co Tro Giup, Hoi Hoi Hoang Nho, Va Hoan Toan Chac Chan.
Thiet Lap Giong Noi Patrick Cho Discord Va Phat Truong
Cai Dat Discord
- Mo Discord → User Settings → Voice & Video.
- Dat Input Device Thanh VoxBooster Virtual Mic.
- Tat Noise Suppression Discord (Co The Xung Dot Voi Xu Ly Giong Noi).
- Su Dung Push-To-Talk Neu Phong Cua Ban Tro Nen Xuan Ho Im Lang Khong Khong Bao Gom Am Thanh Xung Quanh Trong Cac Tam Dung Dai Trong Giong Noi Patrick.
- Tham Khao Voi Ban Be Su Dung Nut “Let’s Check” Truoc Khi Phat Hanh Truc Tiep.
Cai Dat OBS / Phat Truong
- Trong OBS, Mo Audio Mixer → Settings Cho Nguon Mic Cua Ban → chon VoxBooster Virtual Mic.
- Them Bo Loc Noise Gate (Tien Doa: −32 dB, Dong: −42 dB) De Cat Giua Cac Dong.
- Them Bo Loc Compressor (Ty Le 3:1, Tien Doa −18 dB) De Can Bang Phat Hanh Cham Cua Patrick.
- Trong Cai Dat Am Thanh Nen Tang Phat Truong, Theo Doi Dau Ra Am Thanh Cua Ban De Bat Bat Ky Hien Tuong Xu Ly Tru Khi Phat Hanh.
- Xem Xet Mot Canh Rieng Biet Dung Cho Che Do Patrick De Ban Co The Chuyen Doi On Va Tat Ma Khong Cau Hinh Lai.
Cai Dat Chat Giong Noi Trong Tro Choi
Trong Cai Dat Am Thanh Windows, Dat VoxBooster Virtual Mic Lam Thiet Bi Ghi Am Mac Dinh. Hau Het Cac Tro Choi Doc Tu Thiet Bi Mac Dinh Windows. Doi Voi Cac Tro Choi Co Cai Dat Am Thanh Tung Tro Choi (Nhu Hau Het Tieu De Battle Royale), Dat Input Thanh VoxBooster Virtual Mic Ben Trong Menu Am Thanh Hoac Giong Noi Tro Choi.
So Sanh: Kesan Thu Cong So Voi Preset DSP So Voi AI Cloning
| Phuong Phap | Thoi Gian Thiet Lap | Tinh Chinh Thuc | Thoi Gian That | Tot Nhat Cho |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ky Thuat Giong Noi Thu Cong | 0 Phut | Trung Binh | Co | Hoi Nghi, Bieu Dien Truc Tiep, Khong Co Phan Mem |
| Preset DSP | 5 Phut | Tot | Co | Discord, Tro Choi, Phat Truong Nhanh |
| AI Voice Cloning | 15–30 Phut | Tuyet Voi | Co (Duoi 300 ms) | Ghi Am, Choi Vai Keo Dai, Noi Dung YouTube |
| DSP + Huong Dan Truc Tiep | 10 Phut | Rat Tot | Co | Can Bang Tot Nhat Cho Su Dung Thuong Xuyen |
Sai Lam Pho Bien Va Cach Sua Chua
Sai Lam: Tha Xuong Qua Sau. Patrick Khong Phai Nhan Vat Bass. Tren −5 Semitone Lam Cho Anh Ta Nghe Giong Nhu Quai Vat Chung Chung Thay Vao Con Sao Bien Hem Nhung Duoc Yeu Thich. Giu Pitch Shift Thon Chay.
Sai Lam: Noi Qua Nhanh. Toc Do La Sai Lam Pho Bien Nhat. Neu Patrick Cua Ban Nghe Giong Nhu Mot Nguoi Binh Thuong Co Giong Noi Chut Sau Hon, Giam Toc Do Tao 20% Nua.
Sai Lam: Them Irony Hoac Winking. Patrick Khong Biet Anh Ta Lai Hay. Bat Ky Meo Gi “Toi Biet Day La Vo Ly” Vo Hieu Luc Anh Huong Dung Hoat. Giu Toan Bo Chinh Thuc.
Sai Lam: Mat Tinh Chat Mui. Mot Kesan Patrick Ma Khong Co Resonanc Mui Nghe Nhu Mot Nguoi Ngu Buon, Khong Phai Patrick. Chac Chan Rang Cac Thiet Lap Formant Va Vi Tri Giong Noi The Chat Cua Ban Dua Một Số Resonanc Huong Toi Phat Triển Phia Truoc Cua Khuon Mat.
Sai Lam: Bo Qua Ket Thuc Cum Tu. Cac Cum Tu Cua Patrick Tan Di Thay Vao Ket Thuc Crisply. De Cho Nang Luong Cua Ban Roi Va Ket Thuc Moi Cum Tu. Day La Noi Hieu Ung Giong Noi Khon Cu.
Cac Tro Giup Tir Ngoai
Hay Biet Them Ve Tiem Ki Va Hieu Nang:
- SpongeBob SquarePants Tren Wikipedia — Lich Su Bo Phim, Tac Dong Van Hoa Va Thong Tin Dien Tap.
- Bill Fagerbakke Tren Wikipedia — Su Nghiep Cua Fagerbakke, Duong Day Cua Anh Ta Den Vai Tro Va Cong Viec Khac Cua Anh Ta.
Doi Voi Cai Dat Am Thanh Ki Thuat, Tai Lieu Cua VoxBooster Bao Toan Duong Tat low-latency audio capture, Cau Hinh Microphone Ao Va Quan Ly Preset Chi Tiet.
Cau Hoi Thuong Gap
Dieu Gi Lam Cho Giong Noi Patrick Star Tro Nen Rieng Biet? Patrick Noi Voi Mot Drawl Nang Cham Tren Pitch Thap Toi Trung Binh. Cach Phat Hanh Cua No Khong Voi Va Hoi Co Mui, Voi Cac Nguyen Am Dai Va Phu Am Mem Lam Cho Moi Cau Noi Nghe Giong Nhu Anh Ay Vua Thuc Day. Dong “Khong, Day La Patrick” Noi Tieng Bat Giu Cadence Hoan Hao: Hinh Anh Bang Phang, Su Hoi Hoang Thuc Su, Khong Irony.
Co The Toi Su Dung Mod Giong Noi Patrick Star Tren Discord Theo Thoi Gian That Khong? Co. Chay Ung Dung Thay Doi Giong Noi Tren Windows, Tai Preset Patrick, Sau Do Dat Perangkat Input Discord Sang Microphone Ao Cua Ban O Duoi Cai Dat Voice & Video. Voi Xu Ly Dia Phuong Co Do Tre Thap, Ban Nhan Duoc Do Tre Duoi 20 ms, Vi Vay Cuoc Tro Chuyen Van Tu Nhien.
Cai Dat Pitch Nao Sao Chep Giong Noi Patrick Tren Mot Thay Doi Giong Noi? Bat Dau Voi Pitch Shift Khoang −2 Toi −4 Semitone Tir Giong Noi Tu Nhien Cua Ban, Ket Hop Voi Formant Shift Nho −1 Toi −2 Semitone De Day Timbre Ma Khong Lam Cho No Tro Nen Cartoon. Them Mot Chut Diem Thay Doi Pitch Rate Cham Voi Do Sau Thap (0.3–0.5 Hz, 2–4 Cents) De Mo Phong Wobble Giong Noi Loi Bieu.
Co AI Voice Cloning Hoat Dong Tot Hon Preset DSP Cho Giong Noi Patrick Khong? AI Cloning Bat Giu Resonanc Doc Lap Va Mau Overtone Tu Hieu Nang Bill Fagerbakke Chinh Xac Hon So Voi Chi DSP. Preset DSP Nhanh Hon De Thiet Lap; Cloning Thuyat Phuc Hon Trong Cac Cum Tu Dai. Doi Voi Su Dung Thoi Gian Thuc, Cong Cu Co Suy Luan Mo Hinh Duoi 300 ms Giu Cuoc Tro Chuyen Thong Khoe.
Co Phai Phep Luat Khi Thuc Hien Kesan Patrick Star Cho Streaming Ca Nhan Khong? Nhung Kesan Nhan Vat Cho Thap Luan, Parody Hoac Giai Tri Ca Nhan Noi Chung Roi Vao Su Su Dung Cong Bang Trong Hau Het Cac Thao Luyen Phap Ly. Luon Dat Nhan Ca Nhan Rong Rai Tren Noi Dung Cua Ban Va Tranh Lam Gia Lap Mao Thanh Tu Lieu Chinh Thuc Nickelodeon.
Toi Co The Thiet Lap Giong Noi Patrick Cho Streaming OBS Nhu The Nao? Trong OBS, Them Nguon Audio Input Capture Va Chon Microphone Ao Cua Thay Doi Giong Noi Cua Ban. Kich Hoat Preset Patrick Truoc Khi Phat Hanh. Ban Cung Co The Them Bo Loc Noise Gate Trong OBS De Cat Kebisingan Phong Giua Cac Dong Cua Ban.
Toi Can Microphone Nao De Thuc Hien Kesan Patrick Star Co Tin Tuong Duoc? Bat Ky Microphone Condenser USB Hoac Dong Luc Nao Co The Bat Duoc Tan So Xuong Den 80 Hz Deu Hoat Dong Tot. Mau Cuc Cardioid Giam Phan Xa Phong Chi Trich Voi Chat Luong Gan Mic Am Cua Giong Noi Patrick. Ghi Am Ben Ngoai Khong Bat Buoc — Phan Mem Lam Nhieu Cong Viec Nang.
Noi Dung Duoc Huong Dan Cho Su Dung Ca Nhan, Sang Tao Cua Nguoi Ham Mo Va Muc Dich Giao Duc. SpongeBob SquarePants Va Patrick Star La Nhan Dau Cua Nickelodeon / Viacom. Huong Dan Nay Khong Co Su Lien Ket Voi Hoac Xuat Phat Tu Cac Chu So Huu Quyen.